The country is attempting to contain another wave of new infections ahead of the Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
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Japan is allowing officials to fine people who violate coronavirus rules.
As of next week, bars, restaurants and other businesses face fines of about $3,000 for defying mandatory orders.
Private citizens who are infected and require hospitalization, but refuse, can be fined around $4,700. This comes as Japan battles another wave of new infections.
There's also uncertainty about vaccine distribution which is a key factor ahead of the Summer Olympics.